An e-Learning Course to Train General Practitioners in Planetary Health: Pilot Intervention Study.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, climate and ecological emergencies are already major threats to human health. Unabated climate change will cause 3.4 million deaths per year by the end of the century, and health-related deaths in the population aged ≥65 years will increase by 1540%.

Forms of family reorganization following the birth of twins.

A survey questionnaire of 200 families with 2-month-old twins assesses the economic, social and psychological impact of the arrival of twins on family life. The study shows the extent of material difficulties mothers of twins are confronted with, and the ways they cope with them--recourse to mother's helpers, assistance from the father and other members of the family (analyzed in terms of parity and socioeconomic/cultural status), twincare organization strategies, and impact on the decision to stop working. The findings provide an overall picture of the real situation, a necessary prerequisite to an understanding of psychological problems.

Mother-twin interaction during early childhood.

The components of a research program focusing on early mother-twin interaction is described. Preliminary data obtained from a questionnaire at two months post term, cross-sectional observations at the age of one year, a follow-up study involving home observation and parental interviews from birth to the age of 3, point to the specificity of this triadic situation. During the first months of life, the burden of material tasks and the increase in baby care leave little time for starting a relationship based on pleasure or play.

[Influence of echography on the psychological course of pregnancy].

In an attempt to define the psychological impact of obstetrical ultrasonography, we have had semi-directive talks with 86 pregnant women coming from 3 different institutions. We asked them about the image that they had of that examination: its function and the type of information it could provide. The experience of the ultrasonographic examination was then analysed: what reactions did the ultrasonographic image provoke? In the case of the father as well as the mother how do the women perceive what the physician has to say to them? Ought the ultrasonographist to tell them of possible malformations of the child and its sex? The confrontation between the child imagined by every expectant mother and the image of the actual foetus which is presented to her does not always pass without problems and appears to be clearly linked to the kind of relationship which has been established between the physician and his patient.