Impact of the biopsychosocial model of disability on the medicolegal assessment of personal injury.

Background: The objective of this paper was to determine whether the medicolegal assessment of injured and disabled persons is based on the biopsychosocial model of disability proposed by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health.

Methods: We searched for the word disability and other keywords, occurring alone or in combination as well as the meaning given to the word "disability" in two Belgian legal databases (JURA and STRADALEX) for the period from 1960 to 2020.

Results: The use of the term disability has increased over time, more so from 2001 to 2010, in areas of public health law, labor relations, and personal injury law.

Spontaneous eye blinks in horses (Equus caballus) are modulated by attention.

Spontaneous eye blinks are brief closures of both eyelids. The spontaneous eye blink rate (SEBR) exceeds physiological corneal needs and is modulated by emotions and cognitive states, including vigilance and attention, in humans. In several animal species, the SEBR is modulated by stress and antipredator vigilance, which may limit the loss of visual information due to spontaneous eye closing.

Horses (Equus caballus) facial micro-expressions: insight into discreet social information.

Facial micro-expressions are facial expressions expressed briefly (less than 500 ms) and involuntarily. Described only in humans, we investigated whether micro-expressions could also be expressed by non-human animal species. Using the Equine Facial action coding system (EquiFACS), an objective tool based on facial muscles actions, we demonstrated that a non-human species, Equus caballus, is expressing facial micro-expressions in a social context.

Paradoxical scalp lateralization of the P100 cognitive somatic potential in humans: a magnetic field study.

In somatic selective attention, electrical brain mapping disclosed a P100 cognitive electrogenesis with a scalp field paradoxically lateralized ipsilaterally to the target finger stimulus. We used 64 sensors magnetoencephalography (MEG) and source localization software in six normal humans to identify the P100 neural generator. Calculated dipole sources for P100 were iteratively compared with the recorded MEG data.

Finger kinaesthesia: cognitive electrogeneses to attended joint input.

Study of brain mechanisms subserving perception of passive finger movements revealed an unexpected contrast between cutaneous and deep inputs from fingers. Selective attention to tactile inputs from finger tips did not change the first response of primary area 3b, but elicited a cognitive P40 in second order postcentral cortex. For finger joint inputs, attention enhanced the very first cortical response elicited by thalamo-cortical input in postcentral area 2 whereby finger kinaesthesia information was integrated with the cutaneous features information received from primary somatic areas via corticocortical connections.