design and validation of a time-varying PID controller for an artificial pancreas with intraperitoneal insulin delivery and glucose sensing.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease featured by the loss of beta cell function and the need for lifetime insulin replacement. Over the recent decade, the use of automated insulin delivery systems (AID) has shifted the paradigm of treatment: the availability of continuous subcutaneous (SC) glucose sensors to guide SC insulin delivery through a control algorithm has allowed, for the first time, to reduce the daily burden of the disease as well as to abate the risk for hypoglycemia. AID use is still limited by individual acceptance, local availability, coverage, and expertise.

Human Digital Twin for Personalized Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Management.

Managing Elderly type 2 diabetes (E-T2D) is challenging due to geriatric conditions (e.g., co-morbidity, multiple drug intake, etc.

Intraperitoneal Insulin Delivery: Evidence of a Physiological Route for Artificial Pancreas From Compartmental Modeling.

Background: Intraperitoneal insulin delivery has proven to safely overcome a major limit of subcutaneous delivery-meal announcement-and has been able to optimize glycemic control in adults under controlled experimental conditions. In addition, intraperitoneal delivery avoids peripheral hyperinsulinemia resulting from the subcutaneous route and restores a physiological liver gradient.

Methods: Relying on a unique data set of intraperitoneal closed-loop insulin delivery obtained with a Model Predictive Controller (MPC), we develop a compartmental model of intraperitoneal insulin kinetics, which, once included in the UVa/Padova T1D simulator, will facilitate the investigation of various control strategies, for example, the simpler Proportional Integral Derivative controller versus MPC.

Cellulose nanocrystals: a multimodal tool to enhance the targeted drug delivery against bone disorders.

We investigated the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as drug nanocarriers combining an anti-osteoporotic agent, alendronate (ALN), and an anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX). CNC physicochemical characterization, imaging coupled with histology and  uptake and toxicity assays were carried out. CNC-ALN did not modify bone tropism and lung penetration, whereas its liver and kidney accumulation was slightly higher compared with CNCs alone.