Sex Differences in Early Childhood Education Intervention Impacts on Cognitive Outcomes.

Several influential studies reported sex differences in early care and education (ECE) treatment on young adult IQ and academic outcomes. This paper extends that work by asking whether sex differences in impacts of the Carolina Abecedarian Project emerged during the treatment period or subsequently and whether sex differences were maintained into middle adulthood. The randomized clinical trial (98% Black, 51% female) followed 104 infants 5 to 45 years of age.

A Possible Case of Nitrofurantoin-Associated Immune Thrombocytopenia in a Healthy 45-Year-Old Caucasian Female.

Patients presenting with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) may have an associated underlying medical condition or medication exposure serving as the cause of their disease, but oftentimes, ITP is due to an idiopathic, autoimmune cause. While molecular mimicry is recognized as the pathogenesis behind infectious-related causes of ITP, drug-induced ITP is likely due to hapten formation, leading to an inappropriate immune-mediated response. Several drugs are associated with the development of ITP.

Randomized Manipulation of Early Cognitive Experience Impacts Adult Brain Structure.

Does early exposure to cognitive and linguistic stimulation impact brain structure? Or do genetic predispositions account for the co-occurrence of certain neuroanatomical phenotypes and a tendency to engage children in cognitively stimulating activities? Low socioeconomic status infants were randomized to either 5 years of cognitively and linguistically stimulating center-based care or a comparison condition. The intervention resulted in large and statistically significant changes in brain structure measured in midlife, particularly for male individuals. These findings are the first to extend the large literature on cognitive enrichment effects on animal brains to humans, and to demonstrate the effects of uniquely human features such as linguistic stimulation.

Mental Health and Social Development Effects of the Abecedarian Approach.

The Abecedarian Approach is an early intervention and contains a broad-spectrum adult/child curriculum. The Approach has been studied in three longitudinal randomized controlled trials in the USA, starting in 1972 and continuing today. Recent research studies in multiple countries have examined the Abecedarian Approach during the first three years of life.

Dual slot-mode NOEM phase shifter.

Photonic system component counts are increasing rapidly, particularly in CMOS-compatible silicon photonics processes. Large numbers of cascaded active photonic devices are difficult to implement when accounting for constraints on area, power dissipation, and response time. Plasma dispersion and the thermo-optic effect, both available in CMOS-compatible silicon processes, address a subset of these criteria.