Trauma, Justice, and Equity: Using Critical Theories and Concepts to Address Systemic Harm Among Youth Punishment System-Involved Black Girls.

This review critically evaluates the existing literature on youth punishment system (YPS)-involved Black girls and their intersections of with trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It synthesizes findings from previous studies, identifying key research trends, gaps, and controversies, while also highlighting areas in need of further investigation. Black girls, particularly those involved in systems such as juvenile justice, child welfare, and education, often face disproportionate exposure to violence, abuse and neglect, trauma, and systemic racism.

Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter in a Contemporary Cohort of Patients With Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy.

Background: Literature on the prevalence and management of atrial arrhythmias in patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy type 1 (MMD1) or myotonic muscular dystrophy type 2 (MMD2) is limited.

Objectives: This study sought to describe incidence, prevalence, and predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) in a contemporary cohort of patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy (MMD).

Methods: Associations between patient factors and incident AF/AFL were analyzed in patients with MMD referred for routine electrophysiology evaluation between January 2013 and September 2023.

Translation of oral health research priorities into research topics in an equity-based priority setting exercise.

Background: In the context of research priority-setting, participants express their research priorities and ideas in various forms, ranging from narratives to explicit topics or questions. However, the transition from these expressions to well-structured research topics or questions is not always straightforward. Challenges intensify when research priorities pertain to interventions or diagnostic accuracy, requiring the conversion of narratives into the Participant, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome (PICO) format.

Obesity-associated MRAP2 variants impair multiple MC4R-mediated signaling pathways.

The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed at hypothalamic neurons that has an important role in appetite suppression and food intake. Mutations in MC4R are the most common cause of monogenic obesity and can affect multiple signaling pathways including Gs-cAMP, Gq, ERK1/2, β-arrestin recruitment, internalization and cell surface expression. The melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2), is a single-pass transmembrane protein that interacts with and regulates signaling by MC4R.

The modern use of hydroxyurea for children with sickle cell anemia.

Over the past 40 years, the introduction and refinement of hydroxyurea therapy has led to remarkable progress for the care of individuals with sickle cell anemia (SCA). From initial small proof-of-principle studies to multi-center Phase 3 controlled clinical trials and then numerous open-label studies, the consistent benefits of once-daily oral hydroxyurea have been demonstrated across the lifespan. Elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) serves as the most important treatment response, as HbF delays sickle hemoglobin polymerization and reduces erythrocyte sickling.