Traditional versus modern approaches to screening mammography: a comparison of computer-assisted detection for synthetic 2D mammography versus an artificial intelligence algorithm for digital breast tomosynthesis.

Purpose: Traditional computer-assisted detection (CADe) algorithms were developed for 2D mammography, while modern artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms can be applied to 2D mammography and/or digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). The objective is to compare the performance of a traditional machine learning CADe algorithm for synthetic 2D mammography to a deep learning-based AI algorithm for DBT on the same mammograms.

Methods: Mammographic examinations from 764 patients (mean age 58 years ± 11) with 106 biopsy-proven cancers and 658 cancer-negative cases were analyzed by a CADe algorithm (ImageChecker v10.

Spatial colocalization and combined survival benefit of natural killer and CD8 T cells despite profound MHC class I loss in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) loss is frequent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) rendering tumor cells resistant to T cell lysis. NK cells kill MHC-I-deficient tumor cells, and although previous work indicated their presence at NSCLC margins, they were functionally impaired. Within, we evaluated whether NK cell and CD8 T cell infiltration and activation vary with MHC-I expression.

Comparative genomic analysis identifies potential adaptive variation in .

is associated with respiratory disease in wild and domestic Caprinae globally, with wide variation in disease outcomes within and between host species. To gain insight into phylogenetic structure and mechanisms of pathogenicity for this bacterial species, we compared genomes for 99 samples from 6 countries (Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, China, France and USA) and 4 host species (domestic sheep, domestic goats, bighorn sheep and caribou). Core genome sequences of assemblies from domestic sheep and goats fell into two well-supported phylogenetic clades that are divergent enough to be considered different bacterial species, consistent with each of these two clades having an evolutionary origin in separate host species.

Spatial colocalization and combined survival benefit of natural killer and CD8 T cells despite profound MHC class I loss in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: MHC class I (MHC-I) loss is frequent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) rendering tumor cells resistant to T cell lysis. NK cells kill MHC-I-deficient tumor cells, and although previous work indicated their presence at NSCLC margins, they were functionally impaired. Within, we evaluated whether NK cell and CD8 T cell infiltration and activation vary with MHC-I expression.

A prospective study of HER3 expression pre and post neoadjuvant therapy of different breast cancer subtypes: implications for HER3 imaging therapy guidance.

Purpose: HER3, a member of the EGFR receptor family, plays a central role in driving oncogenic cell proliferation in breast cancer. Novel HER3 therapeutics are showing promising results while recently developed HER3 PET imaging modalities aid in predicting and assessing early treatment response. However, baseline HER3 expression, as well as changes in expression while on neoadjuvant therapy, have not been well-characterized.