Challenges in estimating the counterfactual placebo HIV incidence rate from a registration cohort: The PrEPVacc trial.

Background: There is increasing recognition that the interpretation of active-controlled HIV prevention trials should consider the counterfactual placebo HIV incidence rate, that is, the rate that would have been observed if the trial had included a placebo control arm. The PrEPVacc HIV vaccine and pre-exposure prophylaxis trial (NCT04066881) incorporated a pre-trial registration cohort partly for this purpose. In this article, we describe our attempts to model the counterfactual placebo HIV incidence rate from the registration cohort.

Is the freezing index a valid outcome to assess freezing of gait during turning in Parkinson's disease?

Introduction: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling symptom for people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). Turning on the spot for one minute in alternating directions (360 turn) while performing a cognitive dual-task (DT) is a fast and sensitive way to provoke FOG. The FOG-index is a widely used wearable sensor-based algorithm to quantify FOG severity during turning.

Framing a Global Pandemic: Journalism Cultures and Media Coverage of COVID-19 in China, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Using a computational approach, this study analyzes and compares news coverage of the novel coronavirus in six major newspapers (i.e. , , , , , and ) from four countries (i.

Return to sports after pediatric traumatic brain injury: An expert panel survey.

Background: There are no evidence based guidelines for clinicians to follow in advising pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) on return to play (RTP).

Objective: To understand practice patterns of experts in pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) in relation to how they assess severity of TBI and guide return to play (RTP) decisions with their patients who sustain complicated mild, moderate, or severe TBI.

Design: Cross-sectional web-based survey.