Reenacting a mouse genetic evolutionary arms race in yeast reveals SLXL1/SLX compete with SLY1/2 for binding to Spindlins.

The house mouse X and Y chromosomes have recently acquired high copy number, rapidly evolving gene families representing an evolutionary arms race. This arms race between proteins encoded by X-linked / and Y-linked gene families can distort male offspring sex ratio, but how these proteins compete remains unknown. Here, we report how / and encoded proteins compete in a protein family-specific and dose-dependent manner using yeast.

Activity quantification and dosimetry in radiopharmaceutical therapy with reference to Lutetium.

Radiopharmaceutical therapy has been widely adopted owing primarily to the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals. To fully utilize the potential of these RPTs in the era of precision medicine, therapy must be optimized to the patient's tumor characteristics. The vastly disparate dosimetry methodologies need to be harmonized as the first step towards this.

Out with the old, in with the new: Meiotic driving of sex chromosome evolution.

Chromosomal regions with meiotic drivers exhibit biased transmission (> 50 %) over their competing homologous chromosomal region. These regions often have two prominent genetic features: suppressed meiotic crossing over and rapidly evolving multicopy gene families. Heteromorphic sex chromosomes (e.

Automatic Differentiation is no Panacea for Phylogenetic Gradient Computation.

Gradients of probabilistic model likelihoods with respect to their parameters are essential for modern computational statistics and machine learning. These calculations are readily available for arbitrary models via "automatic differentiation" implemented in general-purpose machine-learning libraries such as TensorFlow and PyTorch. Although these libraries are highly optimized, it is not clear if their general-purpose nature will limit their algorithmic complexity or implementation speed for the phylogenetic case compared to phylogenetics-specific code.

Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Milk Urea Nitrogen Concentration.

This study investigated the effect of ambient temperature and humidity on milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration in Holstein cows. Meteorological data corresponding to the dates of milk sampling were collected over six years. A linear mixed-effects model including a random effect term for cow identification was used to assess whether temperature and humidity were predictive of MUN concentration.