Formation of ER-lumenal intermediates during export of Plasmodium proteins containing transmembrane-like hydrophobic sequences.

During the blood stage of a malaria infection, malaria parasites export both soluble and membrane proteins into the erythrocytes in which they reside. Exported proteins are trafficked via the parasite endoplasmic reticulum and secretory pathway, before being exported across the parasitophorous vacuole membrane into the erythrocyte. Transport across the parasitophorous vacuole membrane requires protein unfolding, and in the case of membrane proteins, extraction from the parasite plasma membrane.

[The chorioretinal location of Toxoplasma infection].

Considered rare and occurring only in immunocompromised patients or patients with severe infection, Toxoplasma gondii chorioretinitis--as a unique presenting sign of toxoplasmosis appears to occur with increased frequency over the last few years in immunocompetent patients. The typical clinical picture (central chorioretinal lesion with recurrent vasculitic reactions) and positive IgG Toxoplasma gondii serology confirmed our diagnosis. Negative Toxoplasma IgG serology in the mothers of 2 patients excluded the possibility of congenital toxoplasmosis.

Is magnetic resonance imaging alone accurate enough in staging renal cell carcinoma?

A patient with renal cell carcinoma extending into the inferior vena cava presented to our institution. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the superior extent of the thrombus to be at the level of the hepatic veins. Preoperative venacavography showed extension into the right atrium.

Aneurysm formation in distal saphenous vein bypass grafts as a cause of graft failure.

Aneurysms of a reversed saphenous vein femoropopliteal bypass graft developed in two patients. In both patients, the aneurysm led to thrombosis and occlusion of the graft. One graft was reopened by intraarterial thrombolysis followed by local graft revision; the other required complete regrafting.