A stepwise approach for the detection of carminic acid in saffron with regard to religious food certification.

The stepwise approach takes advantage of simple, versatile, low-cost screening tools that can be applied to several posts of the saffron trade chain to specifically detect adulteration with carminic acid (CA). This natural dye is of insect origin and should not be present in Kosher and Halal foods such as saffron. For gross adulteration levels (>25.

Iron or zinc dialyzability obtained from a modified in vitro digestion procedure compare well with iron or zinc absorption from meals.

The dialyzability method has been considered a convenient option for screening a large number of samples for iron bioavailability. A new setup that allows the rapid and efficient application of the dialyzability method has been recently proposed. To evaluate the new setup for its applicability in predicting iron and zinc bioavailability, dialyzable iron or zinc were compared with iron or zinc absorption.