Significant calendar period deviations in testicular germ cell tumors indicate that postnatal exposures are etiologically relevant.

Purpose: The current working model of type II testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) pathogenesis states that carcinoma in situ arises during embryogenesis, is a necessary precursor, and always progresses to cancer. An implicit condition of this model is that only in utero exposures affect the development of TGCT in later life. In an age-period-cohort analysis, this working model contends an absence of calendar period deviations.

Subjective vs. objective intelligibility of sentences in listeners with hearing loss.

The relation between rated intelligibility and correct key word repetitions of sentences was examined in listeners with normal hearing and listeners with hearing loss. Ten lists of 10 CID sentences were arranged in two randomly ordered groups. Listeners were asked to complete two tasks: (1) rate the intelligibility of 50 sentences on a scale of 0 to 100%, and (2) repeat each of the 50 sentences, which were scored as the number of key words repeated correctly.

The Carhart Memorial Lecture, American Auditory Society, Salt Lake City, Utah 1996. Phoneme and word recognition for words in isolation and in sentences.

Objective: To evaluate relations among scores for phonemes, words in isolation, and words in sentences for listeners with normal hearing and for listeners with sensorineural hearing loss.

Design: Ten-word lists of consonant-vowel-consonant monosyllables with each list utilizing the same 10 vowels and 20 consonants (Boothroyd, 1968) were devised and recorded. These words also were incorporated into contextually correct sentences and recorded by the same talker.

A Revised Speech Intelligibility Rating (RSIR) test: listeners with normal hearing.

Two experiments were conducted to examine the intelligibility of 72 passages of connected discourse prepared by Cox and McDaniel in their development of the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test. Intelligibility was assessed with a method-of-adjustment (MOA) procedure in which listeners adjusted the level of a multi-talker babble until they could just understand 50% of a passage; the measure of intelligibility was the signal-to-babble ratio, dB S/B. The objective was to develop a Revised Speech Intelligibility Rating (RSIR) test that would comprise a large number of equivalent passages that produce reliable intelligibility measures.

Intelligibility of selected passages from the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test.

Two experiments were conducted to examine the intelligibility of 12 of the 72 passages of connected discourse prepared by Cox and McDaniel (1984, 1989) in the development of the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test. Intelligibility was assessed with a method-of-adjustment procedure in the presence of two maskers. One was a multi-talker babble with a variable S/N ratio environment that yields intelligibility scores that are potentially level-dependent because of the almost inevitable difference in speech intensity from passage to passage.