Appropriate trust in artificial intelligence for the optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps: the role of human/artificial intelligence interaction.

Background And Aims: Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) for the optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps is thoroughly investigated. However, studies on human-artificial intelligence interaction are lacking. Our aim was to investigate endoscopists' trust in CADx by evaluating whether communicating a calibrated algorithm confidence score improved trust.

The Impact of Expectation Management and Model Transparency on Radiologists' Trust and Utilization of AI Recommendations for Lung Nodule Assessment on Computed Tomography: Simulated Use Study.

Background: Many promising artificial intelligence (AI) and computer-aided detection and diagnosis systems have been developed, but few have been successfully integrated into clinical practice. This is partially owing to a lack of user-centered design of AI-based computer-aided detection or diagnosis (AI-CAD) systems.

Objective: We aimed to assess the impact of different onboarding tutorials and levels of AI model explainability on radiologists' trust in AI and the use of AI recommendations in lung nodule assessment on computed tomography (CT) scans.

Systems biology dissection of PTSD and MDD across brain regions, cell types, and blood.

The molecular pathology of stress-related disorders remains elusive. Our brain multiregion, multiomic study of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) included the central nucleus of the amygdala, hippocampal dentate gyrus, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Genes and exons within the mPFC carried most disease signals replicated across two independent cohorts.

Do 21st-century skills make you less lonely? The relation between 21st-century skills, social media usage, and students' loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic.

21st-century skills are a new category of competencies recommended for people to adapt to the digital era. Digital communication skills, particularly, are regarded as an important facet in a progressively moving online society. Empirical evidence of their actual value, however, is largely missing.

When increasing risk perception does not work. Using behavioral psychology to increase smoke alarm ownership.

The central question of our study is which determinants drive smoke alarm ownership and intention to purchase one, and whether we can increase smoke alarm ownership by addressing these determinants in a communication-based intervention. We first made an inventory of possible determinants for smoke alarm prevention by consulting prominent prevention behavior theories protection motivation theory and Health Belief Model and other relevant literature. We expanded this list of determinants based on interviews (n = 15) and used survey data representative for the Netherlands to decide to focus on smoke alarm ownership (rather than installation or maintenance).