Safety of an Intravenous Formulation of Voriconazole as an Intramuscular Injection in Pigeons ( f. ).

Aspergillosis is a common disease in birds. Currently, avian aspergillosis is treated with voriconazole administered orally, although intramuscular (IM) administration increases bioavailability and is more effective in treating generalized aspergillosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of the intravenous formulation of voriconazole as an IM injection in the pectoral muscles of pigeons ( f.

Reference intervals for Cu, Mg, and Zn in captive gyrfalcons and other falcon species in the United Arab Emirates.

Falconry is a long-standing tradition in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and in 2016, falconry was included by UNESCO in the list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity. The health and wellness of falconry raptors is a priority for the local culture; plasma chemistry analysis plays an important role in monitoring, assessing, and managing diseases in avian patients. Imbalances of Cu, Mg, and Zn have been linked to several diseases in avian species; therefore, determining the reference intervals (RIs) of these minerals has important implications in the clinical management of falcons.

Disposition of posaconazole after single oral administration in large falcons (Falco spp): Effect of meal and dosage and a non-compartmental model to predict effective dosage.

Unlabelled: Posaconazole has been used anecdotally to treat aspergillosis in falcons resistant to voriconazole. In human medicine, it is used prophylactically in immunosuppressed human subjects with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. So far, no studies have been performed in birds.

Multicentric Septic Osteomyelitis and Arthritis Caused by in a Gyrfalcon ().

An adult female gyrfalcon () was presented with a right-wing droop and weight loss. Radiographic images revealed osteolysis and osseous proliferation of the right shoulder and the mobile vertebra between the notarium and synsacrum. The tentative diagnosis was vertebral osteomyelitis secondary to septic arthritis.

Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole after a single intramuscular injection in large falcons (Falco spp.).

Voriconazole is one of the main azoles used to treat invasive aspergillosis in falconry raptors and birds. Despite the fact that there are studies for oral and intravenous use of voriconazole in birds, there are none for its effect after intramuscular use. Empirical use of intramuscular voriconazole in falcons, indicated quicker therapy response than the oral one.