A Dosimetric Comparison Study for Blood Irradiation Employing Different Medium and Algorithms in Clinical Linear Accelerator.

Objective: To identify a suitable approach for blood irradiation other than the commonly used water medium and to study the impact of different algorithm dose computations.

Methods: Water is the commonly used medium for blood irradiation. In this study computed tomography scans were taken with locally made blood irradiation phantoms other than water, by using air, rice powder and thermocole using parallel beam for 25 Gy.

Synthesis of 1-Isoindoles via Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Cyclization of Benzimidates with Alkenes.

A Ru(II)-catalyzed efficient synthesis of 1-isoindoles the cyclization of benzimidates with alkenes has been demonstrated. This methodology exhibits high compatibility with various functionalized activated and unactivated olefins containing different sensitive functional groups. This protocol provides an effective method for synthesizing various 1-isoindole derivatives in decent to excellent yields.

Ru(II)-Catalyzed C-H Alkenylation of Benzimidates with Unactivated Olefins: A Route to -Alkenylated Benzonitriles.

A Ru(II)-catalyzed C-H alkenylation of benzimidates with unactivated alkenes providing -alkenylated benzonitriles in good to excellent yields in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner is described. In the reaction, an imidate group converted into a nitrile under the reaction conditions. The alkenylation reaction was compatible with various substituted benzimidates as well as functionalized unactivated olefins, including ibuprofen-, neproxen-, coumarin-, and cholesterol-substituted alkenes.

Rh(III)-Catalyzed Enone Carbonyl/Ketone-Directed Aerobic C-H Olefination of Aromatics with Unactivated Olefins.

A Rh(III)-catalyzed weak enone carbonyl/ketone-assisted aerobic oxidative C-H olefination of aromatics with unactivated alkenes has been developed. This protocol involves cross-dehydrogenative Heck-type olefination reaction of various substituted biologically relevant chalcones and aromatic ketones such as acetophenones and chromones with various functionalized unactivated olefins in moderate to good yields. Further, -alkylation of chalcones with norbornene is also demonstrated.