How to improve the mechanical safety of a novel spinal implant while saving costs and time.

Background: Spinal implant failure is associated with prolonged patient suffering, high costs for the medical device industry, and a high economic burden for the health care system. Pre-clinical mechanical testing has great potential to reduce the risk of such failure. However, there are no binding regulations for planning and interpretation of mechanical testing.

EOMES establishes mesoderm and endoderm differentiation potential through SWI/SNF-mediated global enhancer remodeling.

Mammalian pluripotent cells first segregate into neuroectoderm (NE), or mesoderm and endoderm (ME), characterized by lineage-specific transcriptional programs and chromatin states. To date, the relationship between transcription factor activities and dynamic chromatin changes that guide cell specification remains ill-defined. In this study, we employ mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation toward ME lineages to reveal crucial roles of the Tbx factor Eomes to globally establish ME enhancer accessibility as the prerequisite for ME lineage competence and ME-specific gene expression.

Metastatic Versus Localized Disease as Inclusion Criteria That Can Be Automatically Extracted From Randomized Controlled Trials Using Natural Language Processing.

Purpose: Extracting inclusion and exclusion criteria in a structured, automated fashion remains a challenge to developing better search functionalities or automating systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials in oncology. The question "Did this trial enroll patients with localized disease, metastatic disease, or both?" could be used to narrow down the number of potentially relevant trials when conducting a search.

Methods: Six hundred trials from high-impact medical journals were classified depending on whether they allowed for the inclusion of patients with localized and/or metastatic disease.

Single-Entity Electrochemistry of N-Doped Graphene Oxide Nanostructures for Improved Kinetics of Vanadyl Oxidation.

N-doped graphene oxides (GO) are nanomaterials of interest as building blocks for 3D electrode architectures for vanadium redox flow battery applications. N- and O-functionalities have been reported to increase charge transfer rates for vanadium redox couples. However, GO synthesis typically yields heterogeneous nanomaterials, making it challenging to understand whether the electrochemical activity of conventional GO electrodes results from a sub-population of GO entities or sub-domains.