Translations of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index: A systematic review.

Since 2002, the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index has been used worldwide to evaluate nurse work environments. High quality translations in different languages can help advance science and inform practice globally. The study purposes were to conduct a systematic review of published translations of the instrument and to assess their linguistic equivalence and psychometric performance.

Determination of S 12024 enantiomers in human plasma by liquid chromatography after chiral pre-column derivatization.

S 12024-2 is a new drug in phase II development that possesses cognitive enhancing properties. As its molecular structure has a chiral centre, a stereoselective method for the analysis of both enantiomers in human plasma has been developed. The method involves pre-column derivatization of the amine moiety with a homochiral reagent (+)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate (FLEC), and chromatographic separation of the two diastereoisomers on an achiral reversed-phase cyanopropyl column, with fluorimetric detection (lambda ex = 260 nm; lambda em = 310 nm).

Human pharmacokinetics of a new Vinca alkaloid S 12363 with use of a monoclonal antibody-based radio- or enzyme immunoassay.

S 12363 is a new Vinca alkaloid derivative, characterized by the grafting of an alpha-aminophosphonate, onto the Vinca nucleus, facilitating drug penetration and increasing intracellular drug retention. As a high cytotoxic activity had been demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo models recommended by the National Cancer Institute, a phase I trial was initiated in cancer patients. In order to quantify S 12363 systemic levels in humans, two monoclonal antibody-based immunoassays, RIA (radio-) and EIA (enzyme immunoassay) were developed.

Radioimmunoassays for a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, zabicipril, and its active metabolite, zabiciprilat, in human plasma.

Zabicipril (Z), a new angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor under development, is a prodrug that has to be deesterified in vivo to the active metabolite, zabiciprilat (ZT), to reach its antihypertensive pharmacological properties. Two radioimmunoassays have been developed for the measurement of both Z and ZT in human plasma. Anti-Z and anti-ZT antibodies were raised in rabbits against their respective lysine analogues conjugated to bovine serum albumin.

Influence of acetaminophen on antipyrine kinetics in rats.

Studies have suggested that acetaminophen may inhibit the liver metabolism of several drugs. Due to the expected clinical relevance of these findings, the present study was undertaken to examine acetaminophen effects on in vivo drug metabolism in the rat, using the model substrate antipyrine. Oral doses of 15 mg/kg acetaminophen were administered twice daily for 7 days.