The implications of oncolytic viruses targeting fibroblasts in enhancing the antitumoural immune response.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are an emerging immunotherapy platform that selectively target tumour cells, inducing immunogenic cell death. This reverses the 'immune-desert' phenotype of tumours, enhancing antitumour immunity. However, oncolytic virotherapy has shown limited efficacy in solid tumours due to the presence of protumoural, immunosuppressive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs).

Assessment of cardiopulmonary point-of-care ultrasound objective structured clinical examinations in graduating anesthesiology residents across multiple residency programs.

Study Objective: To implement and assess a cardiopulmonary point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in a large cohort of graduating anesthesia residents.

Design: Observational cohort study.

Setting: University-affiliated hospitals.

Defining entrustable professional activities for first year anesthesiology residents: A Delphi study.

Introduction: The use of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as a basis for assessment may bridge the gap between the theory of competency-based education and clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate EPAs for United States (US) first-year clinical anesthesia (CA-1) residents for anesthesiology residency programs to use as the basis for curriculum development and workplace assessment.

Methods: From a list of EPAs abstracted from the literature, an expert panel through a modified Delphi consensus process established EPAs for the CA1 curriculum.

Dynamic mitochondrial transcription and translation in B cells control germinal center entry and lymphomagenesis.

Germinal center (GC) B cells undergo proliferation at very high rates in a hypoxic microenvironment but the cellular processes driving this are incompletely understood. Here we show that the mitochondria of GC B cells are highly dynamic, with significantly upregulated transcription and translation rates associated with the activity of transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM). TFAM, while also necessary for normal B cell development, is required for entry of activated GC precursor B cells into the germinal center reaction; deletion of Tfam significantly impairs GC formation, function and output.

Use of an Asymptomatic COVID-19 Testing Protocol in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

Background: High rates of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 have been reported.

Objective: We aimed to describe an asymptomatic COVID-19 testing protocol in a pediatric emergency department (ED).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients (younger than 18 years) who were tested for COVID-19 via the asymptomatic testing protocol at a single urban pediatric ED between May 2020 and January 2021.