Building Data Triangulation Capacity for Routine Immunization and Vaccine Preventable Disease Surveillance Programs to Identify Immunization Coverage Inequities.

The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) and Vaccine Preventable Disease (VPD) Surveillance (VPDS) programs generate multiple data sources (e.g., routine administrative data, VPD case data, and coverage surveys).

Migration from Epi Info to District Health Information Software 2 for Vaccine-Preventable Disease Surveillance - World Health Organization African Region, 2019-2023.

High-quality vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) surveillance data are critical for timely outbreak detection and response. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) African Regional Office (AFRO) began transitioning from Epi Info, a free, CDC-developed statistical software package with limited capability to integrate with other information systems, affecting reporting timeliness and data use, to District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2). DHIS2 is a free and open-source software platform for electronic aggregate Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) and case-based surveillance reporting.

Impact of NiCoO/SrTiO p-n Heterojunctions on the Interface of Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation.

Forming semiconductor heterojunctions is a promising strategy to boost the efficiency of solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting by accelerating the separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers via an interfacial electric field. However, there is limited research considering the influence of electrolytes on the band alignment of the heterojunction under PEC conditions. In this work, we use a single crystal NiCoO/SrTiO (NCO/STO) heterojunction with atomic-precision controlled thickness as a model photoelectrode to study the band structure modulations upon getting in contact with the electrolyte and the correlation with the PEC activity.

Effects of COVID-19 on Vaccine-Preventable Disease Surveillance Systems in the World Health Organization African Region, 2020.

Global emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 curtailed vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) surveillance activities, but little is known about which surveillance components were most affected. In May 2021, we surveyed 214 STOP (originally Stop Transmission of Polio) Program consultants to determine how VPD surveillance activities were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic throughout 2020, primarily in low- and middle-income countries, where program consultants are deployed. Our report highlights the responses from 154 (96%) of the 160 consultants deployed to the World Health Organization African Region, which comprises 75% (160/214) of all STOP Program consultants deployed globally in early 2021.

Comprehensive Vaccine-Preventable Disease Surveillance in the Western Pacific Region: A Literature Review on Integration of Surveillance Functions, 2000-2021.

Introduction: A strategic framework for 2021-2030 developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for the Western Pacific emphasizes the need for high-quality and integrated vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) surveillance. We conducted a literature review to document the barriers, enabling factors, and innovations for integrating surveillance functions for VPDs and other communicable diseases in Western Pacific Region (WPR) countries.

Methods: We searched published and gray literature on integrated VPD surveillance from 2000 to 2021.