Prescription psychostimulant use, admissions and treatment initiation and retention in pregnant people with opioid use disorder.

While attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is common among people with addiction, the risks and benefits of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication in pregnant people with opioid use disorder are poorly understood. Here, using US multistate administrative data, we examined 3,247 pregnant people initiating opioid use disorder treatment, of whom 5% received psychostimulants. Compared to peers not receiving psychostimulants, the psychostimulant cohort had greater buprenorphine (adjusted relative risk 1.

Anesthetic neurotoxicity in the developing brain: an update on theinsights and implications for fetal surgery.

This review describes an in-depth analysis of the neurotoxicity associated with the anesthetic agents used during fetal surgery, intending to highlight the importance of understanding the effects of general anesthetics on the developing brain, particularly in the context of open fetal surgery, where high doses are applied to facilitate surgical access and augment uterine relaxation. We examined evidence from preclinical studies in rodents and primates, along with studies in human subjects, with the results collectively suggesting that general anesthetics can disrupt brain development and lead to long-lasting neurological deficits. Our review underscores the clinical implications of these findings, indicating an association between extensive anesthetic exposure in early life and subsequent cognitive deficits.

Early Postnatal Exposure to Midazolam Causes Lasting Histological and Neurobehavioral Deficits via Activation of the mTOR Pathway.

Exposure to general anesthetics can adversely affect brain development, but there is little study of sedative agents used in intensive care that act via similar pharmacologic mechanisms. Using quantitative immunohistochemistry and neurobehavioral testing and an established protocol for murine sedation, we tested the hypothesis that lengthy, repetitive exposure to midazolam, a commonly used sedative in pediatric intensive care, interferes with neuronal development and subsequent cognitive function via actions on the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We found that mice in the midazolam sedation group exhibited a chronic, significant increase in the expression of mTOR activity pathway markers in comparison to controls.

Evolving growth hormone deficiency: proof of concept.

Introduction: We present the evolution of GHD in adolescent males with persistent growth failure, in whom the diagnosis was established after a second GH stimulation test (GST).

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of children who presented for short stature (height less < 2SD for mean/mid-parental height) and/or growth failure (sustained growth velocity < 0 SD) to pediatric endocrinology at Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Hospital, New York and who had 2 GSTs. Data collected from electronic medical records were analyzed using SPSS v28.

Demographic differences in the cascade of care for unhealthy alcohol use: A cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Background: The screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) model is recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force to improve recognition of and intervention for unhealthy alcohol use.