Beyond the thrifty gene: metabolic implications of prehistoric migration into the New World.

Several models have been proposed to explain the high prevalence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and other diseases among New World populations. This paper examines the implications of a northern hunting adaptation (reliance on animal foods, seasonal shortages) in terms of energy digestion, absorption, metabolism and storage. Physiologic adaptations to a high protein, moderate fat, low carbohydrate diet are then examined in the context of agriculturally-based subsistence systems and in industrialized societies.

Dietary change and plasma glucose levels in an Amerindian population undergoing cultural transition.

Dietary change among adult Dogrib Indians of the Northwest Territories, Canada, is examined in conjunction with differences in mean glucose levels among more acculturated-less acculturated settlements. There are significant differences in the intake components derived from non-traditional foods by community and by age. However, the traditional food base is stable.