The roles of racial discrimination and sleep in the cognitive functioning of racial and ethnic minority youth.

Objectives: Research suggests that chronic stress reduces cognitive functioning; however, studies examining this relationship for race-related stress, such as racial discrimination, are limited and primarily focus on older adults. Moreover, considering the importance of sleep when coping with stress, it is possible that sleep buffers the effect of racial discrimination on cognitive functioning. The present study examined the role of sleep duration and quality in the relationship between racial discrimination and cognitive functioning in early adolescence.

Integrative data analysis of clinical trials network studies to examine the impact of psychosocial treatments for black people who use cocaine: Study protocol.

Background: Cocaine overdose death rates among Black people are higher than that of any other racial/ethnic group, attributable to synthetic opioids in the cocaine supply. Understanding the most effective psychostimulant use treatment interventions for Black people is a high priority. While some interventions have proven effective for the general population, their comparative effectiveness among Black people remains unknown.

(A-C-B) human proinsulin, a novel insulin agonist and intermediate in the synthesis of biosynthetic human insulin.

The hormone insulin is synthesized in the beta cell of the pancreas as the precursor, proinsulin, where the carboxyl terminus of the B-chain is connected to the amino terminus of the A-chain by a connecting or C-peptide. Proinsulin is a weak insulin agonist that possesses a longer in vivo half-life than does insulin. A form of proinsulin clipped at the Arg65-Gly66 bond has been shown to be more potent than the parent molecule with protracted in vivo activity, presumably as a result of freeing the amino terminal residue of the A-chain.