A new STI in the city: MPOX in Barcelona. First outbreak (5/2022-5/2023) and subsequent resurgence.

Background: In May 2022, after the suspension of the mobility restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the first outbreak of MPOX virus, transmitted from human to human, was detected outside of Africa, affecting mostly sexually active men who have sex with men. Our aim is to report the first outbreak of MPOX in Barcelona city in the period from 5/2022 to 5/2023 and the subsequent surge of cases in 8/2023.

Methods: We performed a descriptive study of all notified cases in city residents, obtained through epidemiological surveys.

Hepatitis B Virus-Related Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hospital Discharge Rates from 2005 to 2021 in Spain: Impact of Universal Vaccination.

The main consequences of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), both associated with frequent hospitalization. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of universal HBV vaccination in Spain on chronic HBV-related hospital discharges from 2005 to 2021. Using data from the Minimum Basic Data Set of the Spanish National Health System, we calculated the hospital discharge rate ratio (HDRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) values for chronic HBV-related discharges between 2005 and 2021.

Correction: Risk factors associated with severe outcomes in adult hospitalized patients according to influenza type and subtype.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

HLA A*24:02-restricted T cell receptors cross-recognize bacterial and preproinsulin peptides in type 1 diabetes.

CD8+ T cells destroy insulin-producing pancreatic β cells in type 1 diabetes through HLA class I-restricted presentation of self-antigens. Combinatorial peptide library screening was used to produce a preferred peptide recognition landscape for a patient-derived T cell receptor (TCR) that recognized the preproinsulin-derived (PPI-derived) peptide sequence LWMRLLPLL in the context of disease risk allele HLA A*24:02. Data were used to generate a strong superagonist peptide, enabling production of an autoimmune HLA A*24:02-peptide-TCR structure by crystal seeding.

Healthcare and Epidemiological Surveillance Costs of Hepatitis A Outbreaks in Spain in Regions with and without Universal Hepatitis A Vaccination of Children during 2010-2018.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare hepatitis A outbreak-associated healthcare and epidemiological surveillance costs in Spain in two types of autonomous regions during 2010-2018: (1) regions with a prevention strategy based on universal hepatitis A vaccination of children and vaccination of high-risk population groups (Catalonia) and (2) regions with a prevention strategy based on vaccinating high-risk population groups (Castile and Leon, Murcia, Navarra, Community of Madrid, Community of Valencia). Healthcare costs were determined based on the resources used to treat hepatitis A outbreak-associated cases and hospitalizations. Epidemiological surveillance costs were calculated from the resources used during surveillance activities.