The air conditioning in the nose of mammals depends on their mass and on their maximal running speed.

The nose of the mammals is responsible for filtering, humidifying, and heating the air before entering the lower respiratory tract. This conditioning avoids, notably, dehydration of the bronchial and alveolar mucosa. However, since this conditioning is not perfect, exercising in cold air can induce lung inflammation, both for human and non-human mammals.

What Are the Key Anatomical Features for the Success of Nose-to-Brain Delivery? A Study of Powder Deposition in 3D-Printed Nasal Casts.

Nose-to-brain delivery is a promising way to improve the treatment of central nervous system disorders, as it allows the bypassing of the blood-brain barrier. However, it is still largely unknown how the anatomy of the nose can influence the treatment outcome. In this work, we used 3D printing to produce nasal replicas based on 11 different CT scans presenting various anatomical features.

In vitro Evaluation of Paliperidone Palmitate Loaded Cubosomes Effective for Nasal-to-Brain Delivery.

Introduction: This work aimed to develop chitosan-coated cubosomal nanoparticles intended for nose-to-brain delivery of paliperidone palmitate. They were compared with standard and cationic cubosomal nanoparticles. This comparison relies on numerous classical in vitro tests and powder deposition within a 3D-printed nasal cast.

Validation and Sensitivity analysis for a nasal spray deposition computational model.

Validating numerical models against experimental models of nasal spray deposition is challenging since many aspects must be considered. That being said, it is a critical step in the product development process of nasal spray devices. This work presents the validation process of a nasal deposition model, which demonstrates a high degree of consistency of the numerical model with experimental data when the nasal cavity is segmented into two regions but not into three.

Instillation of a Dry Powder in Nasal Casts: Parameters Influencing the Olfactory Deposition With Uni- and Bi-Directional Devices.

Nose-to-brain delivery is a promising way to reach the central nervous system with therapeutic drugs. However, the location of the olfactory region at the top of the nasal cavity complexifies this route of administration. In this study, we used a 3D-printed replica of a nasal cavity (a so-called "nasal cast") to reproduce the deposition of a solid powder.