A range of 30-62% of functioning multiciliated airway cells is sufficient to maintain ciliary airway clearance.

Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetic disorder caused by aberrant motile cilia function that results in defective ciliary airway clearance and subsequently leads to recurrent airway infections and bronchiectasis. We aimed to determine: how many functional multiciliated airway cells are sufficient to maintain ciliary airway clearance?

Methods: To answer this question we exploited the molecular defects of the X-linked recessive primary ciliary dyskinesia variant caused by pathogenic variants in (), characterised by immotile cilia in affected males. We carefully analysed the clinical phenotype and molecular defect (using immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy) and performed studies (particle tracking in air-liquid interface cultures) and studies (radiolabelled tracer studies) to assess ciliary clearance of respiratory cells from female individuals with heterozygous and male individuals with hemizygous pathogenic variants.

Vemurafenib- and Cobimetinib-Associated Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms in a Patient With Metastatic Melanoma.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe hypersensitivity reaction associated with drug exposure. Recognizing signs of DRESS and stopping the offending agent is essential for proper treatment. In this case report, we present an interesting case of DRESS following the recent initiation of vemurafenib and cobimetinib for the treatment of metastatic melanoma in a patient who previously had been on pembrolizumab without adverse skin reactions.

21-Hydroxypregnane 21-O-malonylation, a crucial step in cardenolide biosynthesis, can be achieved by substrate-promiscuous BAHD-type phenolic glucoside malonyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana and homolog proteins from Digitalis lanata.

Three putative 21-hydroxypregnane 21-O-malonyltransferases (21MaT) from Digitalis lanata were partially purified. Two of them were supposed to be BAHD-type enzymes. We were unable to purify them in quantities necessary for reliable sequencing.

Waste as Business: Emerging Ugandan micro- and Small-sized Businesses in Resource Recovery and safe Reuse.

This paper highlights local experiences, opportunities and common challenges faced by micro- and small-sized businesses in Resource Recovery and Reuse (RRR) - with a special focus on briquette making businesses from faecal sludge and other household waste. The study enlisted the potential that RRR has in preserving the environment through through hybrid business models in sanitation. It used field methods of identifying businesses and providing them with business development support, while testing the potential to become sustainable faecal sludge enterprises.

Biosynthetic approach to combine the first steps of cardenolide formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A yeast expression plasmid was constructed containing a cardenolide biosynthetic module, referred to as CARD II, using the AssemblX toolkit, which enables the assembly of large DNA constructs. The genes cloned into the vector were (a) a Δ -3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene from Digitalis lanata, (b) a steroid Δ -isomerase gene from Comamonas testosteronii, (c) a mutated steroid-5β-reductase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, and (d) a steroid 21-hydroxylase gene from Mus musculus. A second plasmid bearing an ADR/ADX fusion gene from Bos taurus was also constructed.