Synthesis and evaluation of lipoic acid - donepezil hybrids for Alzheimer's disease using a straightforward strategy.

Alzheimer's disease is associated with a progressive loss of neurons and synaptic connections in the cholinergic system. Oxidative stress contributes to neuronal damages and to the development of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Therefore, antioxidants have been widely studied to mitigate the progression of Alzheimer's disease, and among these, lipoic acid has demonstrated a neuroprotective effect.

Non-linearity in lipase assays: A multicentric comparison on different analysers.

Objectives: Non-linearity in lipase assays and the ensuing gaps in results distribution have been described on Roche analysers, but have yet to be studied on other analysers.

Design And Methods: Eighteen lithium-heparinized plasma pools of lipase activities decreasing from 1700 to <4 U/L were prepared for multicentric evaluation on several analysers. Non-linearity was modelled as the difference between the polynomial regression of lipase activities depending on relative dilutions over the primary measuring range, and the linear regression of the same variables above the manufacturer's limit of linearity (MLL).

A circovirus and cycloviruses identified in feces of bobcats (Lynx rufus) in California.

Viruses in the family Circoviridae have small circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes. Circoviruses are known to infect a wide variety of animals, with notable disease pathology in psittacine (psittacine beak and feather disease) and porcine (postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome) species. There is still a dearth of research investigating circoviruses associated with felid species.

Coevolutionary Analysis Implicates Toll-Like Receptor 9 in Papillomavirus Restriction.

Upon infection, DNA viruses can be sensed by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to the activation of type I and III interferons to block infection. Therefore, viruses must inhibit these signaling pathways, avoid being detected, or both. Papillomavirus virions are trafficked from early endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and wait for the onset of mitosis to complete nuclear entry.