Extrafollicular CD19CXCR5CD11c double negative 3 (DN3) B cells are significantly associated with disease activity in females with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: B cells play a major role in the development and maintenance of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Double negative (DN) B cells defined by the lack of surface expression of IgD and CD27 have attracted recent interest for their sensitivity to Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) ligands and their potential role in the production of autoantibodies. Here we aimed at investigating the possible association of DN B cells and their subsets with SLE disease activity specifically in female patients, in which TLR7 gene has been reported to escape X chromosome inactivation.

[Sartan-induced enteropathy].

Olmesartan-induced enteropathy was first described twelve years ago. Clinically it is characterized by diarrhea, weight loss and malabsorption. Histological analysis may show duodenal villous atrophy and/or epithelial lymphocytosis (duodenal/colic).

Factor H-related protein 1 in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Factor H (FH) is a major soluble inhibitor of the complement system and part of a family comprising five related proteins (FHRs 1-5). Deficiency of FHR1 was described to be linked to an elevated risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As FHR1 can partially antagonize the functionality of FH, an altered FHR1/FH ratio could not only enhance SLE vulnerability but also affect the disease expression.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with a Focus on Lupus Nephritis.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease affecting mostly women of child-bearing age. Immune dysfunction in SLE results from disrupted apoptosis which lead to an unregulated interferon (IFN) stimulation and the production of autoantibodies, leading to immune complex formation, complement activation, and organ damage. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and severe complication of SLE, impacting approximately 30% to 40% of SLE patients.