Dissection of the epoxyjanthitrem pathway in sp. TG-3 strain AR37 by CRISPR gene editing.

var. and sp. TG-3 are filamentous fungal endophytes of perennial ryegrass () that have a substantial impact on New Zealand's agricultural economy by conferring biotic advantages to the host grass.

Condensed Tannins in White Clover () Foliar Tissues Expressing the Transcription Factor TaMYB14-1 Bind to Forage Protein and Reduce Ammonia and Methane Emissions .

Grazing ruminants contribute to global climate change through enteric methane and nitrous oxide emissions. However, animal consumption of the plant polyphenolics, proanthocyanidins, or condensed tannins (CTs) can decrease both methane emissions and urine nitrogen levels, leading to reduced nitrous oxide emissions, and concomitantly increase animal health and production. CTs are largely absent in the foliage of important temperate pasture legumes, such as white clover (), but found in flowers and seed coats.

Elevation of Condensed Tannins in the Leaves of Ta-MYB14-1 White Clover ( L.) Outcrossed with High Anthocyanin Lines.

Condensed tannins (CT) are highly desirable in forage as they sequester dietary protein and reduce bloat and methane emissions in ruminants. However, the widely used forage legume white clover () only produces CTs in flowers and trichomes and at levels too low to achieve therapeutic effects. Genetic transformation with transcription factor from was effective in inducing CTs to 0.

Seed Transmission of Endophytes in Is Heavily Influenced by Host Genetics.

Vertical transmission of symbiotic endophytes from host grasses into progeny seed is the primary mechanism by which the next generation of plants is colonized. This process is often imperfect, resulting in endophyte-free seedlings which may have poor ecological fitness if the endophyte confers protective benefits to its host. In this study, we investigated the influence of host genetics and environment on the vertical transmission of var.