Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Hemorrhagic Gastritis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been increasingly used in the treatment of several malignancies and may target cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4, programmed cell death-1, and programmed cell death ligand 1, which work on maintaining peripheral immune tolerance. ICIs inhibit these ligands causing an immune-enhancing effect, leading to a wide spectrum of complications from mild mucositis to life-threatening pneumonitis or hepatitis. These complications are collectively called immune-related adverse events.

Alternative uses of lumen apposing metal stents.

The advent of lumen apposing metal stents (LAMS) has revolutionized the management of many complex gastroenterological conditions that previously required surgical or radiological interventions. These procedures have garnered popularity due to their minimally invasive nature, higher technical and clinical success rate and lower rate of adverse events. By virtue of their unique design, LAMS provide more efficient drainage, serve as conduit for endoscopic access, are associated with lower rates of leakage and are easy to be removed.

Effectiveness and Safety of Surgical Excision in the Treatment of Digital Mucoid Cysts.

Background: Digital mucoid cysts have a tendency for recurrence after operative intervention. Several procedures are in use.

Objective: Retrospective evaluation for effectiveness, safety and patient satisfaction by using a questionnaire after treatment for digital mucoid cysts with targeted surgical excision and closure by flap-design.