Interconnected pathways link faecal microbiota plasma lipids and brain activity to childhood malnutrition related cognition.

Malnutrition affects over 30 million children annually and has profound immediate and enduring repercussions. Survivors often suffer lasting neurocognitive consequences that impact academic performance and socioeconomic outcomes. Mechanistic understanding of the emergence of these consequences is poorly understood.

Forming Connections: Functional Brain Connectivity is Associated With Executive Functioning Abilities in Early Childhood.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies with adults provide evidence that functional brain networks, including the default mode network and frontoparietal network, underlie executive functioning (EF). However, given the challenges of using fMRI with infants and young children, little work has assessed the developmental trajectories of these networks or their associations with EF at key developmental stages. More recently, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as a promising neuroimaging tool which can provide information on cortical functional networks and can be more easily implemented with young children.

Impact of Myc-Altered Pathology on Radiation Therapy Efficacy Among Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Large-B Cell Lymphoma: A Collaborative Study by ILROG.

Purpose: The presence of MYC and BCL2 translocations (ie, double-hit lymphoma, DHL) in large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) is associated with reduced chemosensitivity, but less is known on its impact on radiotherapy (RT) efficacy.

Methods And Materials: Patients with LBCL who received their first course of RT for relapsed/refractory disease between 2008 and 2020 were eligible if there was adequate pathologic evaluation to be categorized as DHL versus non-DHL as per the World Health Organization (fifth edition). Separate analyses were conducted by treatment intent.

EEG frontal alpha asymmetry mediates the association between maternal and child internalizing symptoms in childhood.

Background: Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent in youth and can cause significant distress and functional impairment. The presence of maternal anxiety and depression are well-established risk factors for child internalizing psychopathology, yet the responsible mechanisms linking the two remain unclear.

Methods: We examined the potential mediating and moderating roles of EEG frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) in the intergenerational transmission of internalizing symptoms in a longitudinal sample of = 323 mother-child dyads.

Radiation target nomenclature for lymphoma trials: consensus recommendations from the National Clinical Trials Network groups.

Contemporary lymphoma radiation target volumes that rely on post-systemic therapy imaging do not have standardised nomenclature. A forum of radiation oncology lymphoma leaders from the National Clinical Trials Network groups (NRG Oncology, Children's Oncology Group, SWOG Cancer Research Network, Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-American College of Radiology Imaging Network Cancer Research Group, and the Canadian Cancer Trials Group) was convened and established standardised nomenclature for these volumes in the autumn of 2024. Involved-site radiotherapy includes the full cranial-caudal extent of prechemotherapy disease and takes into account axial anatomical changes only.