Stable laser-acceleration of high-flux proton beams with plasma collimation.

Laser-plasma acceleration of protons offers a compact, ultra-fast alternative to conventional acceleration techniques, and is being widely pursued for potential applications in medicine, industry and fundamental science. Creating a stable, collimated beam of protons at high repetition rates presents a key challenge. Here, we demonstrate the generation of multi-MeV proton beams from a fast-replenishing ambient-temperature liquid sheet.

Low baseline IsoPSA Index is associated with a Prolonged Low Risk of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Diagnosis in Men with an Elevated PSA.

Objective: To compare the rate of diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in men with elevated PSA stratified by baseline IsoPSA Index, thus assessing IsoPSA's intermediate-term predictive ability for csPCa.

Material And Methods: Single-center retrospective review of consecutive patients (n=1578) who underwent IsoPSA testing from November 2016-August 2022. Data dichotomized into patients with low(≤6) and high IsoPSA Indices (>6).

Early-life menstrual characteristics and gestational diabetes in a large US cohort.

Background: Associations between early-life menstrual cycle characteristics (MCC) and gestational diabetes (GDM) remain unclear.

Objectives: To evaluate associations between early-life MCCs and GDM in first pregnancy, across pregnancies and its recurrence.

Methods: This analysis included participants from a US-based digital cohort enrolled between 11/2019 and 9/2023 who provided consent, completed relevant surveys, were without diabetes and aged ≥18 at first pregnancy (n = 30,473).

Accuracy of Screening Tests for the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children.

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of available tests for pyuria, including newer automated tests, and to examine the implications of requiring them for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Methods: We included children between 1 and 36 months of age undergoing bladder catheterization for suspected UTIs who presented to 1 of 3 pediatric centers. Using a positive urine culture result as the reference standard, we compared the sensitivity of 5 modalities for assessing pyuria at the cutoffs most often used clinically for detecting children with a positive culture result: leukocyte esterase on a dipstick, white blood cell (WBC) count on manual microscopy with and without using a hemocytometer, automated WBC enumeration using flow cytometry, and automated WBC enumeration using digital imaging with particle recognition.

Experiences and impact of moral injury in human trafficking survivors: a qualitative study.

Background: Research in recent years has increasingly highlighted the relationship between exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and poor mental health outcomes. Human trafficking survivors often report exposure to many traumatic and PMIEs and given the complexities of trafficking exploitation, survivors may be especially vulnerable to moral injury. Despite this, no research has investigated experiences of PMIEs and moral injury in human trafficking survivors.