Attitudes and Experiences of Patients Regarding Gender-Specific Aspects of Pain Management.

Background: Biological, pharmacological, and socio-cultural aspects influence gender-specific effects in pain management.

Methods: Gender-specific aspects of pain management were assessed in a rural outpatient center via semi-structured patient interview: (i) general gender aspects (total population) from 1 = "fully disagree" to 5 = "fully agree"; and (ii) individual pain (matched pairs) via numeric analog scale (NAS) from 0 = "no pain" to 10 = "maximum pain". Patient charts were assessed for pain management (WHO-ladder).

Multiple behavioral mechanisms shape development in a highly social cichlid fish.

Early-life social experiences shape adult phenotype, yet the underlying behavioral mechanisms remain poorly understood. We manipulated early-life social experience in the highly social African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni to investigate the effects on behavior and stress axis function in juveniles. Juveniles experienced different numbers of social partners in stable pairs (1 partner), stable groups (6 fish; 5 partners), and socialized pairs (a novel fish was exchanged every 5 days; 5 partners).

Impact of Soil Inoculation with FZB42 on the Phytoaccumulation of Germanium, Rare Earth Elements, and Potentially Toxic Elements.

Bioaugmentation promises benefits for agricultural production as well as for remediation and phytomining approaches. Thus, this study investigated the effect of soil inoculation with the commercially available product RhizoVital42, which contains FZB42, on nutrient uptake and plant biomass production as well as on the phytoaccumulation of potentially toxic elements, germanium, and rare earth elements (REEs). and were selected as model plants, and after harvest, the element uptake was compared between plants grown on inoculated versus reference soil.

Na-Coupled Respiration and Reshaping of Extracellular Polysaccharide Layer Counteract Monensin-Induced Cation Permeability in B4.

Monensin is an ionophore for monovalent cations, which is frequently used to prevent ketosis and to enhance performance in dairy cows. Studies have shown the rumen bacteria B4 being less affected by monensin. The present study aimed to reveal more information about the respective molecular mechanisms in , as there is still a lack of knowledge about defense mechanisms against monensin.

Effect of Sodium Chloride on Pyrite Bioleaching and Initial Attachment by .

Biomining applies microorganisms to extract valuable metals from usually sulfidic ores. However, acidophilic iron (Fe)-oxidizing bacteria tend to be sensitive to chloride ions which may be present in biomining operations. This study investigates the bioleaching of pyrite (FeS), as well as the attachment to FeS by DSM 9293 in the presence of elevated sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations.