Active Surveillance as Preferred Treatment for ISUP Grade I Prostate Cancer: Confronting the ProtecT Trial.

Background: The advantages of active surveillance (AS) in low-risk prostate cancer (PC) have already been widely demonstrated. The 15-year results of the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial were published recently, reflecting worse oncological outcomes of their active monitoring programme (AMP) compared with radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RDT). Our objective was to analyse the survival of patients with International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade I PC depending on the treatment received and point out the differences between an AS protocol and the AMP established in the ProtecT trial.

Goblet cells: guardians of gut immunity and their role in gastrointestinal diseases.

Goblet cells (GCs) are specialised guardians lining the intestine. They play a critical role in gut defence and immune regulation. GCs continuously secrete mucus creating a physical barrier to protect from pathogens while harbouring symbiotic gut bacteria adapted to live within the mucus.

IL-22 resolves MASLD via enterocyte STAT3 restoration of diet-perturbed intestinal homeostasis.

The exponential rise in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) parallels the ever-increasing consumption of energy-dense diets, underscoring the need for effective MASLD-resolving drugs. MASLD pathogenesis is linked to obesity, diabetes, "gut-liver axis" alterations, and defective interleukin-22 (IL-22) signaling. Although barrier-protective IL-22 blunts diet-induced metabolic alterations, inhibits lipid intake, and reverses microbial dysbiosis, obesogenic diets rapidly suppress its production by small intestine-localized innate lymphocytes.