Co-Infection of Mosquitoes with Rift Valley Fever Phlebovirus Strains Results in Efficient Viral Reassortment.

Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne pathogen endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula which causes Rift Valley fever in ruminant livestock and humans. Co-infection with divergent viral strains can produce reassortment among the L, S, and M segments of the RVFV genome. Reassortment events can produce novel genotypes with altered virulence, transmission dynamics, and/or mosquito host range.

A Collaborative Stakeholder Approach for Reducing the Use of Custodial Restraints in Hospitalized Patients.

In hospitals across the country, most patients admitted from jails or prisons receive their care in custodial restraints regardless of clinical concerns or public safety risk. Blanket restraint protocols are deemed necessary for public safety; however, the indiscriminate use of custodial restraints causes harm to patients physically, mentally, and through propagation of prejudice. Hospitals and correctional officials must create policies that allow for a case-by-case analysis of patients to develop an individualized custodial restraint plan that will balance public safety and patient care needs.

Sedation and Ventilator Weaning Bundle and Time to Extubation in Infants With Bronchiolitis: Secondary Analysis of the Sedation AND Weaning in Children (SANDWICH) Trial.

Objective: The Sedation and Weaning in Children (SANDWICH) trial of a sedation weaning and ventilator liberation bundle had a primary outcome of time to successful extubation, and showed significant but small difference. We explored the impact of the intervention on infants with bronchiolitis.

Design: Post hoc subgroup analysis of a cluster-randomized trial, 2018 to 2019 (ISRCTN16998143).

Changes in Subjective Cognitive and Social Functioning in Parkinson's Disease from Before to During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Social isolation and health-related consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic may have significantly impacted quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic specifically on subjective cognition and social functioning in PwPD is poorly understood. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of changes in subjective cognitive and social functioning in PwPD before (T1, 2017-2019) and during (T2, 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic.

Race and Gender Bias in Narrative Letters of Recommendation for Plastic Surgery Residency Applicants.

Introduction: It has been previously shown that gender bias exists in standardized letters of recommendation for plastic surgery residency. However, similar analysis has not been conducted for narrative letters of recommendation (NLORs). Therefore, this study aims to determine if there exists linguistic bias in NLORs for plastic surgery residency based on applicants' and writers' gender and race.