Glycan-Glycan Interaction Determines Tropism toward Human T Lymphocytes.

Direct interactions between bacterial and host glycans have been recently reported to be involved in the binding of pathogenic bacteria to host cells. In the case of , the Gram-negative enteroinvasive bacterium responsible for acute rectocolitis, such interactions contribute to bacterial adherence to epithelial cells. However, the role of glycans in the tropism of for immune cells whose glycosylation pattern varies depending on their activation state is unknown.

Injection of T3SS effectors not resulting in invasion is the main targeting mechanism of toward human lymphocytes.

The enteroinvasive bacterium is a facultative intracellular bacterium known, in vitro, to invade a large diversity of cells through the delivery of virulence effectors into the cell cytoplasm via a type III secretion system (T3SS). Here, we provide evidence that the injection of T3SS effectors does not necessarily result in cell invasion. Indeed, we demonstrate through optimization of a T3SS injection reporter that effector injection without subsequent cell invasion, termed the injection-only mechanism, is the main strategy used by to target human immune cells.

Escape of Actively Secreting Shigella flexneri from ATG8/LC3-Positive Vacuoles Formed during Cell-To-Cell Spread Is Facilitated by IcsB and VirA.

Unlabelled: The enteropathogenic bacterium Shigella flexneri uses a type 3 secretion apparatus (T3SA) to transfer proteins dubbed translocators and effectors inside host cells, inducing bacterial uptake and subsequent lysis of the entry vacuole. Once in the cytoplasm, the outer membrane protein IcsA induces actin polymerization, enabling cytoplasmic movement and cell-to-cell spread of bacteria. During this infectious process, S.

Distinct mutations led to inactivation of type 1 fimbriae expression in Shigella spp.

Shigella spp. are responsible for bacillary dysentery in humans. The acquisition or the modification of the virulence plasmid encoding factors promoting entry of bacteria into and dissemination within epithelial cells was a critical step in the evolution of these bacteria from their Escherichia coli ancestor(s).