Designed to Degrade: Tailoring Polyesters for Circularity.

A powerful toolbox is needed to turn the linear plastic economy into circular. Development of materials designed for mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, and/or biodegradation in targeted end-of-life environment are all necessary puzzle pieces in this process. Polyesters, with reversible ester bonds, are already forerunners in plastic circularity: poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the most recycled plastic material suitable for mechanical and chemical recycling, while common aliphatic polyesters are biodegradable under favorable conditions, such as industrial compost.

The determination of ammonium in Kjeldahl digests using the gas-sensing ammonia electrode. Comparison of the direct method with the known-addition method.

The efficacy of the ammonia electrode for analysis of the nitrogen content of a large series of Kjeldahl digests was investigated. By using this electrode, two methods for the measurement of ammonium concentrations were compared, the direct method and the known-addition method. When the direct method was used, a marked shift in the electrode potential occurred within a few hours, causing errors of 9-17% in the results.

Lysosomal damage by gliadin and gliadin peptides; an activity not related to coeliac disease.

Rat-liver lysosomes have been used to determine the toxicity of gliadin fractions in relation to coeliac disease. In this study we compared the activity in acid phosphatase release from rat-liver lysosomes by casein, gliadin and by their peptic-tryptic digests. The release of acid phosphatase is not specific for gliadin.