Pediatric COVID-19 case with regard to the family infection chain and the psychosocial context.

The role of children in households, spreading SARS-CoV-2, may differ from measles or influenza, and therefore, these diseases are not directly comparable to COVID-19. The psychosocial aspect of infection and quarantine for families and children suggests that fear of social stigmatization can lead to not disclosing the infection.

[Corona in Children: the Co-Ki Study].

Background: In Germany over 80% of children and adolescents are in the ambulatory care of registered pediatricians. These have a specific perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: For this reason, this professional group initiated a central recording of case numbers, individual case descriptions and observations on infections and illnesses with SARS-CoV‑2 (www.

Akt-dependent enhanced migratory capacity of Th17 cells from children with lupus nephritis.

Th17 cells infiltrate the kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and are critical for the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, we show that enhanced activity of Stat3 in CD4(+)CD45RA(-)Foxp3(-) and Foxp3(low) effector T cells from children with LN correlates with increased frequencies of IL-17-producing cells within these T cell populations. The levels of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor c and IL-17 mRNA are significantly higher in PBMCs from children with LN than in those from controls.

Urinary incontinence in children.

Background: Urinary incontinence (bedwetting, enuresis) is the commonest urinary symptom in children and adolescents and can lead to major distress for the affected children and their parents. Physiological and non-physiological types of urinary incontinence are sometimes hard to tell apart in this age group.

Methods: This article is based on selected literature retrieved by a PubMed search and on an interdisciplinary expert consensus.

Which treatments do children with newly diagnosed non-organic urinary incontinence receive? An analysis of 3,188 outpatient cases from Germany.

Aims: Objectives of this study were to examine the administrative incidence of urinary incontinence in children and to assess related outpatient health services utilization in this cohort.

Methods: Data of a statutory health insurance company were analyzed and outpatients from 1 to 18 years of age with a first recorded ICD-10 code for non-organic urinary incontinence during a 1-year-period (2007) were identified. For this cohort, the prescription of desmopressin, antispasmodics, non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors, alarm devices, and incontinence pads in the quarter of the first diagnosis and in the following one (i.