The gut microbiota predicts and time-restricted feeding delays experimental colitis.

The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear, treatment options unsatisfactory and disease development difficult to predict for individual patients. Dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and disruption of the biological clock have been implicated and studied as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Here, we examine the relationship of IBD to biological clock and gut microbiota by using the IL-10 deficient () mouse model for microbiota-dependent spontaneous colitis in combination with altered (4 h/4 h) light/dark cycles to disrupt and time-restricted feeding (TRF) to restore circadian rhythmicity.

Nitrogen single and multiple breath washout test and lung imaging to detect treatment-related pulmonary toxicity in paediatric cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review.

Background: Spirometry-based assessment of pulmonary function has limitations in detecting pulmonary toxicity following cancer treatment with chemotherapy, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, radiotherapy or thoracic surgery. Nitrogen single and multiple breath washout tests are sensitive in assessing peripheral airway function, and lung imaging detects structural abnormalities, but little is known about their use in paediatric cancer patients and survivors. We aimed to 1) identify studies using nitrogen single or multiple breath washout tests and/or lung imaging to assess pulmonary toxicity in paediatric cancer patients and survivors, and 2) describe reported abnormalities.

Thirty years of lung transplantation: development of postoperative outcome and survival over three decades.

Background: Lung transplantation (LuTX) can be the last resort for patients with end-stage lung diseases. In the last decades, improvements were implemented in transplant medicine, from immunosuppression throughout preservation of the donor organ to enhance lung allograft survival. This retrospective study aims to illustrate the development of the LuTX-program at the University Hospital of Munich, LMU, Munich, Germany, since its launch in 1990 by depicting and comparing postoperative outcome.

2H-NMR as a Practical Tool for Following MOF Formation: A Case Study of UiO-66.

Developing the mechanism for MOF formation is crucial for the rapid development of new materials. This work demonstrates that Deuterium-NMR spectroscopy is the optimal inter-laboratory methodology for understanding the in-situ kinetics of metal-organic framework (MOF) formation. This method is facile, affordable, and allows for the isolation and monitoring of individual reagents by using one deuterated component while the remaining components are protonated.

Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,4-(Hetero) Dicarbonyl Compounds through α-Carbonyl Umpolung.

The enantioselective synthesis of 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds continues to pose a significant challenge in organic synthesis, and a catalytic process which generates two adjacent stereogenic centers with full stereochemical control is lacking until now. The 1,4-relationship of the functional groups requires an Umpolung strategy as one of the α-carbonyl positions has to be inverted into an electrophilic center to react with a normal enolate. We report herein the highly enantio- and diastereoselective addition of silyl ketene acetals toward electrophilic 1-azaallyl cations to furnish chiral 4-hydrazonoesters, which are masked 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds.