Organic carbon dry deposition outpaces atmospheric processing with unaccounted implications for air quality and freshwater ecosystems.

Dry deposition is an important yet poorly constrained process that removes reactive organic carbon from the atmosphere, making it unavailable for airborne chemical reactions and transferring it to other environmental systems. Using an aircraft-based measurement method, we provide large-scale estimates of total gas-phase organic carbon deposition rates and fluxes. Observed deposition rates downwind of large-scale unconventional oil operations reached up to 100 tC hour, with fluxes exceeding 0.

Exhaled Breath Analysis Using a Novel Electronic Nose for Different Respiratory Disease Entities.

Purpose: Electronic noses (eNose) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are two important breath analysis approaches for differentiating between respiratory diseases. We evaluated the performance of a novel electronic nose for different respiratory diseases, and exhaled breath samples from patients were analyzed by GC-MS.

Materials And Methods: Patients with lung cancer, pneumonia, structural lung diseases, and healthy controls were recruited (May 2019-July 2022).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Women's elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to men remains unclear, with gonadal hormones proposed as potential contributors. This study aimed to explore the association between follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), neuropsychological AD stages, and cerebral Aβ deposition.

Methods: A total of 679 subjects were included in the study (N = 198 for cognitively normal (CN), N = 373 for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and N = 108 for AD dementia groups).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Continuous speech analysis is considered as an efficient and convenient approach for early detection of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, the traditional approach generally requires human transcribers to transcribe audio data accurately. This study applied automatic speech recognition (ASR) in conjunction with natural language processing (NLP) techniques to automatically extract linguistic features from Chinese speech data.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Sleep disturbances are associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary tauopathies. We have previously shown that APOE4, the strongest genetic risk factor for AD, directly influences the severity of key pathological hallmarks of neurodegeneration including tau deposition, microglial reactivity and brain atrophy. Sleep loss influences tau accumulation and microglial reactivity in both mice and humans, suggesting that sleep loss may contribute to neurodegeneration not only by influencing protein aggregation, but also through an immune mechanism.