Energy cost of running uphill as compared to running on the level with impeding horizontal forces.

Purpose: We have previously shown that accelerated running on flat terrain is biomechanically equivalent to running uphill at a constant speed. This hypothesis was further investigated comparing the energy cost of running at a constant speed either uphill, or on flat terrain against an equivalent horizontal impeding force, mimicking acceleration.

Methods: Steady-state O consumption and the corresponding energy cost (per unit body mass and distance) were determined on 12 male subjects during treadmill running at speeds between 2.

Mechanical and metabolic power in accelerated running-Part II: team sports.

Purpose: This manuscript is devoted to discuss the interplay between velocity and acceleration in setting metabolic and mechanical power in team sports.

Methods: To this aim, an essential step is to assess the individual Acceleration-Speed Profile (ASP) by appropriately analysing training sessions or matches. This allows one to estimate maximal mechanical and metabolic power, including that for running at constant speed, and hence to determine individual thresholds thereof.

Mechanical and Metabolic Power in Accelerated Running-PART I: the 100-m dash.

Purpose: Acceleration phases require additional mechanical and metabolic power, over and above that for running at constant velocity. The present study is devoted to a paradigmatic example: the 100-m dash, in which case the forward acceleration is very high initially and decreases progressively to become negligible during the central and final phases.

Methods: The mechanical ([Formula: see text]) and metabolic ([Formula: see text]) power were analysed for both Bolt's extant world record and for medium level sprinters.

Running at altitude: the 100-m dash.

Purpose: Theoretical 100-m performance times (t) of a top athlete at Mexico-City (2250 m a.s.l.