[Basic and Advanced Techniques of Anastomosis in Deep Surgical Fields:STA-SCA Anastomosis].

This article detailly describes the subtemporal-transtentorial STA-SCA bypass technique. Through temporal base drilling, copious cerebrospinal fluid evacuation before retraction, and sufficient retraction of the temporal lobe preserving the veins of the temporal base would be primodial to obtain an appropriate surgical field. Refrection of the tentrial free edge and identification of recipient SCA posterior to the entry point of the trochlear nerve into the cavernous sinus is a micro-anatomical key.

Characterization of microRNA expression in B cells derived from Japanese black cattle naturally infected with bovine leukemia virus by deep sequencing.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), a malignant B cell lymphoma. However, the mechanisms of BLV-associated lymphomagenesis remain poorly understood. Here, after deep sequencing, we performed comparative analyses of B cell microRNAs (miRNAs) in cattle infected with BLV and those without BLV.

Increased T-cell responses that control bovine leukemia virus proviral load in beef cattle under dietary vitamin A restriction for marbling.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral load is controlled by T-cell responses, which require vitamin A (VA) derived from food. However, whether dietary VA restriction for marbling impairs the T-cell responses that control BLV proviral load in beef cattle is unknown. We assessed T-cell subsets, interferon (IFN)-γ gene expression, and BLV proviral load in naturally BLV-infected Japanese Black cattle that were fed a diet with decreased VA levels.

Development of a microchip electrophoresis-based, high-throughput PCR-RFLP method to type Tax 233 variants of bovine leukemia virus in Japan.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). We used microchip electrophoresis in combination with automatic image analysis to develop a novel high-throughput PCR-RFLP to type the gene sequences that encode BLV Tax 233. This method revealed that 233L-Tax is more prevalent than 233P-Tax in cattle in Japan.