Cross-conjugated vinylogous annulation of π-CF-allyl Pd-complexes with 4-methyl-3-trifluoroacetyl-quinolones.

Herein, we disclose the hitherto unknown cross-conjugated vinylogous annulation of π-CF-allyl Pd complexes with 4-methyl-3-trifluoroacetyl-quinolones to access phenanthridones. The CF group in the Pd-π-allyl complex is key for exclusive γ-regioselectivity and further annulation. The solvent switch orchestrates the dihydro-phenanthridones (CHCN) and hydroxy-phenanthridones (DMF) in good yields, and also showed excellent optoelectronic properties.

Access to CF-benzofulvenes palladium-catalyzed cascade arylation/Trost-Oppolzer cyclization/double-bond isomerization.

Herein, we demonstrated a Pd-catalyzed cascade reaction that involves arylation, Trost-Oppolzer type Alder ene reaction, and double bond isomerization using the 4-(2-alkynylphenyl)-allylcarbonates and aryl boronic acids. This cascade process delivers a wide array of distinctive functionalized CF-benzofulvenes in good yields with high stereoselectivity (). A single palladium catalyst orchestrates the two individual reactions in a single operation.

Evolution of pathogenicity-associated genes in Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA by genome duplication and transposon-mediated gene function alterations.

Background: Rhizoctonia solani is a polyphagous fungal pathogen that causes diseases in crops. The fungal strains are classified into anastomosis groups (AGs); however, genomic complexity, diversification into the AGs and the evolution of pathogenicity-associated genes remain poorly understood.

Results: We report a recent whole-genome duplication and sequential segmental duplications in AG1-IA strains of R.

Unique attributes of obesity in India: A narrative review.

Obesity has become a burgeoning epidemic in India, even though the country is still dealing with undernutrition. As a significant determinant of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), understanding the Indian context of the problem and learning how to deal with the obesity epidemic in this country has gained paramount importance. This narrative review points to the unique features of the obesity epidemic in India and its associated contributing factors, including the evolving nature of the Indian diet, the peculiarity of the increased adiposity at lower BMIs, unique obesity-associated genetic variants in Indians, the contribution of the gut microbiome, the impact of chronic inflammation and the role of ambient air pollution, and the contribution of decreased physical activity levels concerning the rapid urbanisation and the built environment.

Fetal Pontine Tegmental Cap Dysplasia- A Case Report.

Pontine tegmental cap dysplasia (PTCD) is a very rare hindbrain malformation recently described and the affected children show a bad prognosis. We present this case to increase the awareness of this rare condition and to highlight the importance of early prenatal diagnosis. A 25 years old female with 22 weeks gestation was referred after sonography for fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of cerebellar hypoplasia.