Prognostic role of PD-L1 and immune-related gene expression profiles in giant cell tumors of bone.

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive and rarely metastatic tumor, with a relatively unpredictable clinical course. A retrospective series of 46 GCTB and a control group of 24 aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) were selected with the aim of investigating the PD-L1 expression levels and immune-related gene expression profile, in correlation with clinicopathological features. PD-L1 and Ki67 were immunohistochemically tested in each case.

Proton pump inhibitors promote the growth of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells through ErbB2, ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt, GSK-3β signaling and inhibition of cellular prostatic acid phosphatase.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancer in men. Although hormone-sensitive PCa responds to androgen-deprivation, there are no effective therapies for castration-resistant PCa. It has been recently suggested that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase the risk of certain cancers; however, association with PCa remains elusive.

Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) inhibit the growth of human malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy associated with exposure to asbestos, with poor prognosis and no effective therapies. The strong inhibitory activities of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonists have been demonstrated in different experimental human cancers, including lung cancer; however, their role in MPM remains unknown. We assessed the effects of the GHRH antagonists MIA-602 and MIA-690 in vitro in MPM cell lines and in primary MPM cells, and in vivo in MPM xenografts.

Safe transportation of formalin-fixed liquid-free pathology specimens.

Diagnostic pathology activities are largely based on fixation of tissues in 4% formaldehyde, which has recently been re-classified as a carcinogenic compound and banned in several countries. Hospitals that do not have in-house pathology services need to send surgical and biopsy specimens to referral centers. These are generally transferred in liquid containers, under suboptimal safety conditions, as accidental spillage of potentially dangerous substances may occur.