[Consensus on early detection of congenital heart disease].

Congenital heart diseases are the most frequent birth defects, and one of the main causes of perinatal morbidity and death. Early diagnosis allows a timely treatment and improves the patients' prognosis. Early detection includes screening studies during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, a neonatal complete clinical examination and the neonatal pulse oximetry test.

Variations in antenatal management and outcomes in haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: an international, retrospective, observational cohort study.

Background: Advances in haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn have led to numerous treatment options. We report practice variations in the management and outcomes of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn in at-risk pregnancies.

Methods: In this international, retrospective, observational cohort study, data from cases with moderate or severe haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn were retrieved from 31 centres in 22 countries.

Sex-specific phenotypical, functional and metabolic profiles of human term placenta macrophages.

Background: Placental macrophages, Hofbauer cells (HBC) are the only fetal immune cell population within the stroma of healthy placenta along pregnancy. They are central players in maintaining immune tolerance during pregnancy. Immunometabolism emerged a few years ago as a new field that integrates cellular metabolism with immune responses, however, the immunometabolism of HBC has not been explored yet.

The human fluorescence discrimination as precondition for the use of fluorescence-aided identification techniques (FIT).

Objectives: The fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT) is based on the fluorescence properties of dental materials, specifically the intensity of their fluorescence compared to the autofluorescence of hard dental substances; this creates a perceived contrast between dental material and tooth. However, no studies to date have determined the extent to which the fluorescence intensity of tooth-colored dental materials must differ from that of natural autofluorescence to ensure reliable visual detection. The aim of this study was therefore to determine, for the first time, how pronounced the difference between fluorescence intensity and autofluorescence must be to reliably identify tooth-colored material.

The Role of Botulinum Toxin A Neuromodulator in the Management of Synkinesis in Facial Palsy.

Facial palsy describes the denervation of the facial nerve leading to difficulty in facial animation and expression. Facial synkinesis is the result of complex pathological nerve regeneration following damage to the facial nerve axons. Synkinesis in facial palsy can be managed using facial neuromuscular rehabilitation, botulinum toxin neuromodulators, and surgical treatment options.