Is Aging a Disease? The Theoretical Definition of Aging in the Light of the Philosophy of Medicine.

In the philosophical debate on aging, it is common to raise the question of the theoretical definition of aging in terms of its possible characterization as a disease. Understanding aging as a disease seems to imply its medicalization, which has important practical consequences. In this paper, we analyze the question of whether aging is a disease by appealing to the concept of disease in the philosophy of medicine.

Cost Effectiveness of Quadrivalent Versus Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccines for the Portuguese Elderly Population.

Background: quadrivalent inactivated vaccine (QIV) has replaced trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV). In Portugal, TIV is free of charge for risk groups, including older adults (≥65 years old). In its turn, QIV-which provides broader protection as it includes an additional lineage B strain-was introduced in Portugal in October 2018; only since the 2019/20 influenza season has it been provided free of charge for risk groups.

Health and environment from adaptation to adaptivity: a situated relational account.

The definitions and conceptualizations of health, and the management of healthcare have been challenged by the current global scenarios (e.g., new diseases, new geographical distribution of diseases, effects of climate change on health, etc.

Watch-and-Wait policy versus robotic surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer: A cost-effectiveness study (RECCOSTE).

Introduction: Complete surgical resection for locally advanced rectal cancer is the standard treatment after a clinical complete response following chemoradiotherapy. However, some novel clinical approaches could achieve better functional results, such as Robotic Resection, or avoiding surgical procedure and incrementing surveillance intensity, called Watch-and-Wait policy. We use computational techniques to compare these clinical approaches using quality adjusted life years (QALYs).

Iron preparations for women of reproductive age with iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy (FRIDA): a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Numerous iron preparations are available for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. We aimed to provide a summary of the effectiveness and safety of iron preparations used in this setting.

Methods: We did a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials.