Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and ultrasonography (US) in the study of the small bowel in Crohn's disease: state of the art and review of the literature.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic idiopathic disease and its diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging data. There isn't a diagnostic gold standard: the ileocolonoscopy with mucosal biopsies represents the standard for luminal disease, while cross-sectional imaging such as Ultrasound (US), Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can show transmural alterations and extraintestinal manifestations. CD is usually diagnosed in the young age and after baseline diagnosis, the patients have to undergo to variable follow-up depending on remission or active disease.

Modic I changes size increase from supine to standing MRI correlates with increase in pain intensity in standing position: uncovering the "biomechanical stress" and "active discopathy" theories in low back pain.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between degenerative disc, endplate Modic changes (MC) type I, and pain during upright weight-bearing MRI scan of the lumbar spine in a cohort of patients with non-specific low back pain.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 38 patients with non-specific low back pain and MRI evidence of Modic I vertebral changes. The patients were evaluated in a standard and upright weight-bearing position using a dedicated MR unit.

Dynamic MRI in the evaluation of the spine: state of the art.

Introduction: Degenerative disease of the spine is a generic term encompassing a wide range of different disease processes, which leads to spinal instability; traumatic/neoplastic events can accelerate this aging process. Therefore, the dynamic nature of the spine and its mobility across multiple segments is difficult to depict with any single imaging modality.

Methods: A review of PubMed databases for articles published about kMRI in patients with cervical and lumbar spinal desease was performed.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in painful bone metastases: Using quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient as an indicator of effectiveness of single fraction versus multiple fraction radiotherapy.

Purpose: Bone metastases are a common cause of cancer-related pain. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal radiotherapy schedule for the treatment of painful bone metastases and verify if could cause different biological effects on bone. This has been achieved using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

Effects of serial macrocyclic-based contrast materials gadoterate meglumine and gadobutrol administrations on gadolinium-related dentate nuclei signal increases in unenhanced T1-weighted brain: a retrospective study in 158 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Purpose: To perform T1 signal intensity (SI) measurements in the dentate nuclei of adult patients with confirmed multiple sclerosis (MS) after serial administrations of the macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), gadoterate meglumine and gadobutrol.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board and informed consent was waived. A review of our PACS database for the period from March 1, 2007 to July 31, 2016 revealed 158 confirmed MS patients who received exclusively either gadoterate meglumine (n = 81) or gadobutrol (n = 77) for diagnosis and follow-up.