Measurement of divertor surface heat flux by infra-red thermographic inversion in ST40.

Diagnostic tools for understanding the edge plasma behavior in fusion devices are essential. The main focus of the present work is to present the infra-red (IR) diagnostics installed on Tokamak Energy's spherical tokamak (ST40) and the IR thermographic inversion tool, Functional Analysis of Heat Flux (FAHF). FAHF is designed for multi-2D thermographic inversions within the divertor tiles using the finite difference method and an explicit time stepping scheme.

Evolutionary consequences of domestication on the selective effects of new amino acid changing mutations in canids.

The domestication of wild canids led to dogs no longer living in the wild but instead residing alongside humans. Extreme changes in behavior and diet associated with domestication may have led to the relaxation of the selective pressure on traits that may be less important in the domesticated context. Thus, here we hypothesize that strongly deleterious mutations may have become less deleterious in domesticated populations.

Extraction of Soluble Proteins from Leaves.

Protein biochemistry can provide valuable answers to better understand plant performance and responses to the surrounding environment. In this chapter, we describe the process of extracting proteins from plant leaf samples. We highlight the key aspects to take into consideration to preserve protein integrity, from sample collection to extraction and preparation or storage for subsequent analysis of protein abundance and/or enzymatic activities.

Fate of nitrogen and phosphorus from source-separated human urine in a calcareous soil.

Human urine concentrates 88% of the nitrogen and 50% of the phosphorus excreted by humans, making it a potential alternative crop fertilizer. However, knowledge gaps remain on the fate of nitrogen in situations favouring NH volatilization and on the availability of P from urine in soils. This study aimed at identifying the fate of nitrogen and phosphorus supplied by human urine from source separation toilets in a calcareous soil.

Long-term Small Population Size, Deleterious Variation, and Altitude Adaptation in the Ethiopian Wolf, a Severely Endangered Canid.

Ethiopian wolves, a canid species endemic to the Ethiopian Highlands, have been steadily declining in numbers for decades. Currently, out of 35 extant species, it is now one of the world's most endangered canids. Most conservation efforts have focused on preventing disease, monitoring movements and behavior, and assessing the geographic ranges of sub-populations.