Individual changes in working and health conditions: A longitudinal study of 8,000 employees between 2010 and 2017 in France.

Background: The diverse and complex variations in the possible forms of health-work interactions are constantly reconfigured over the course of a person's career.

Objectives: The aims of this study were: 1) assess the scope of the individual changes in working conditions; 2) examine conjoint changes in working conditions; 3) examine the links between these changes and back pain and fatigue.

Method: Analyses were conducted using data from the French observatory EVREST.

A role for the asexual spores in infection of Fraxinus excelsior by the ash-dieback fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus.

The invasive pathogen, ash dieback fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, is spreading rapidly across Europe. It shows high levels of outcrossing and limited population structure, even at the epidemic front. The anamorphic (asexual) form produces prolific conidia, thought to function solely as spermatia (male gametes), facilitating gene flow between sympatric strains.

Does intense time pressure at work make older employees more vulnerable? A statistical analysis based on a French survey "SVP50".

Two general trends, the tightening of time constraints and the ageing of the working population, are likely to raise sensitive problems implying adjustment of both work and workers' characteristics. The statistical studies presented in this paper, referring to a French inter-professional survey conducted on health and work after fifty (11 213 employees), aim at verifying this assumption. The analyses presented are divided in four sub-questions: have part of employees over fifty been removed from time pressure situations? Is time pressure difficult to deal with for older workers (from their point of view)? Does intense time pressure imply increased prevalence of certain health disorders among senior employees? Does pressure increase the desire to end one's professional life early? The results show that intense time pressure raises serious problems for most of the employees in their fifties who are exposed to them.

High-level secretion of correctly processed beta-lactamase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a high-copy-number secretion vector.

We have sought to obtain a convenient system for the high-level production of secreted proteins in yeast. With the aid of a secretion reporter cassette we examined the secretion of beta-lactamase (Bla) as a model protein and found the highest expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a high-copy-number plasmid. We further developed the high-copy-number plasmid introducing a secretion cassette that has a convenient cloning site coinciding with the sequence encoding the KEX2 cleavage site.

Large-scale production and characterization of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef.

Sequences encoding the 27K and 25K nef gene products (Nef 27 and Nef 25) were amplified by PCR from a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectious clone and subcloned directly into Escherichia coli, yeast and baculovirus expression vectors. The yeast- and baculovirus-derived Nef had native N termini but the expression levels were low. The expression levels of the E.