Temperament and executive functioning correlates of ADHD symptom severity during early versus middle childhood.

Background: This study investigated associations among temperament, executive functioning (EF), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity at two developmental stages.

Methods: Participants were 61 4-year-old children and 165 8-11-year-old children (126 ADHD, 39 typically developing [TD]). Caregivers reported on temperament (effortful control [EC], negative affect, and surgency), and ADHD symptoms.

EEG aperiodic dynamics from early through late childhood: Associations with ADHD, cognition, and development.

Background: Aperiodic resting electroencephalography (EEG) activity is dynamic, reflecting shifting excitatory:inhibitory (E:I) balance with changing environmental conditions. We examined developmental and cognitive correlates of aperiodic and dynamic aperiodic indices in a cross-sequential cohort of early, middle, and late childhood youth with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Two-hundred eighty-five children ages 2 - 14 years provided resting EEG during high- and low-visual input conditions.

Comparison between Liquid and Tablet Formulations in the Treatment of Congenital Hypothyroidism up to 3 Years of Age: The First Italian Study.

: Levothyroxine (L-T4) is available for use in congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in three formulations: tablets, drops, and oral solution. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of all three L-T4 formulations. : We enrolled 63 children born between January 2019 and April 2023 in the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy) and diagnosed with CH by newborn screening.

Power Scavenging Microsystem for Smart Contact Lenses.

On-the-eye microsystems such as smart contacts for vision correction, health monitoring, drug delivery, and displaying information represent a new emerging class of low-profile (≤ 1 mm) wireless microsystems that conform to the curvature of the eyeball surface. The implementation of suitable low-profile power sources for eye-based microsystems on curved substrates is a major technical challenge addressed in this paper. The fabrication and characterization of a hybrid energy generation unit composed of a flexible silicon solar cell and eye-blinking activated Mg-O metal-air harvester capable of sustainably supplying electrical power to smart ocular devices are reported.