Sepsis-induced NET formation requires MYD88 but is independent of GSDMD and PAD4.

Neutrophils are peripheral blood-circulating leukocytes that play a pivotal role in host defense against bacterial pathogens which upon activation, they release web-like chromatin structures called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Here, we analyzed and compared the importance of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88), peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), and gasdermin D (GSDMD) for NET formation in vivo following sepsis and neutrophilia challenge. Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/E.

Liver damage promotes pro-inflammatory T-cell responses against apolipoprotein B-100.

Objectives: Liver-derived apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB100) is an autoantigen that is recognized by atherogenic CD4 T cells in cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is a major mortality risk for patients with chronic inflammatory liver diseases. However, the impact of liver damage for ApoB100-specific T-cell responses is unknown.

An update on factor XII-driven vascular inflammation.

The plasma protein factor XII (FXII) is the liver-derived zymogen of the serine protease FXIIa that initiates an array of proteolytic cascades. Zymogen activation, enzymatic FXIIa activity and functions are regulated by interactions with cell receptors, negatively charged surfaces, other serine proteases, and serpin inhibitors, which bind to distinct protein domains and regions in FXII(a). FXII exerts mitogenic activity, while FXIIa initiates the pro-inflammatory kallikrein-kinin pathway and the pro-thrombotic intrinsic coagulation pathway, respectively.

Insights in ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) causes a thromboembolic complication termed vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Using biophysical techniques, mouse models, and analysis of VITT patient samples, we identified determinants of this vaccine-induced adverse reaction. Super-resolution microscopy visualized vaccine components forming antigenic complexes with platelet factor 4 (PF4) on platelet surfaces to which anti-PF4 antibodies obtained from VITT patients bound.

Role of multimodal anaesthetic in post-operative analgesic requirement for robotic assisted radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: Robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) is considered as standard of care for surgical management of localised prostate cancer. Procedure specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) guidelines are available for open radical prostatectomy. There is a lack of evidence for optimal pain management protocol in patients undergoing robotic radical prostatectomy.