Selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast reduces inflammation and lung injury in models of betacoronavirus infection in mice.

Objective: We aimed to understand the potential therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects of the phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor roflumilast in models of pulmonary infection caused by betacoronaviruses.

Methods: Mice were infected intranasally with murine hepatitis virus (MHV-3) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Roflumilast was given to MHV-3-infected mice therapeutically at doses of 1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg, or prophylactically at 10 mg/kg.

Disruption of survivin protein expression by treatment with YM155 accelerates the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation.

Background And Purpose: Prolonged survival of neutrophils is essential for determining the progression and severity of inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders, including gouty arthritis. Survivin, an anti-apoptotic molecule, has been described as a regulator of cell survival. This study aims to examine the effects of YM155 treatment, a survivin selective suppressant, in maintaining neutrophil survival in vitro and in vivo experimental settings of neutrophilic inflammation.

Development of optimized standardized extracts of Echinodorus macrophyllus for arthritis management.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Echinodorus macrophyllus is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Brazil to treat rheumatic diseases. It is listed as a priority species for the development of herbal preparations for the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antiedematogenic properties of extracts and fractions from this species, but these preparations were neither standardized nor optimized for anti-arthritis effects.

Targeting PI3Kγ Pathway for Treating Dengue virus Infection.

Dengue disease is a major problem worldwide, impacting millions of people annually with no specific approved treatments. The pathogenesis of dengue is a complex interplay of viral and host factors, driven in particular by an excessive inflammatory response triggered by the infection. While it has been observed that various viruses can modulate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to aid replication and theunderlying mechanisms remainunclear.